Development Of The Psychiatric Mental Health - 1199 Words

The development of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) specialty began in the late 19th century as reform began to take place within the mental asylums of the time. Focus began to shift from restrictive treatment and the â€Å"baby-sitting† of patients towards actual medical treatment of those with mental illness (ANA, 2012). In 1882, Dr. Edward Cowles established the first hospital for the insane with a formally organized nurse training school. Central to the operation of the hospital was the use of trained nurses instead of â€Å"keepers† to care for patients (ANA, 2012). In 1913, Effie Jane Taylor established the first psychiatric nursing course as a part of the general curriculum at John Hopkins Hospital (ANA, 2012).†¦show more content†¦This program was different than the other â€Å"nurse-educator† focused programs of the time because it instead focused on assessing and diagnosing mental health problems and providing vario us therapies such as family, group, and individual (ANA, 2012). In 2003, the role of PMHNP was clearly defined and delineated in â€Å"Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner Competencies† published by The National Panel for PMHNP Competencies (ANA, 2012). To be a practicing PMHNP in Arkansas (AR), I will need to have certification, licensure, a collaborative practice agreement, and prescriptive authority. What I found most interesting about certification was that the required CE requirements needed to maintain ones AR RN licensure could be fulfilled simply by maintaining ones Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) certification (Arkansas State Board of Nursing, 2011). In regards to gaining a license as an APRN in AR, I found it interesting that a quality assurance plan and a collaborative practice agreement must be submitted (in addition to the other required documents) before a license would be issued (Arkansas State Board of Nursing, 2011). As I learned more about what a collaborative practice agreement was, it surprised me that it is encouraged that a collaborative practice agreement be broadly written (Hanson, 2014). This is recommended in order to leave room for growth and change as necessary in the clinical environment. What surprised me the most when learning about

Essay on Breast Cancer - 4172 Words

Breast cancer will strike one in every eight American women. This makes it the most common cancer in woman. Approximately 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. Of that number, 40,000 will die from breast cancer each year. (Journal of Environmental Health 2003) Breast cancer is just one type of cancer. Cancerous cells are cells that grow without the normal system of controls placed upon them. Breast cancer develops from the mammary ducts 80% of the time. The other 20% of the time the cancer develops from the lobules of the breasts. While breast cancer may occur in men, this paper will primarily focus on breast cancer in women. Breast cancer is 100 times more likely to affect women as it is men. There are two†¦show more content†¦Basically the breasts are located off to the sides of the sternum, on the front of the chest wall between the second and sixth ribs. (Anatomy of the Human Body, Gray, H.) During puberty hormonal changes cause the breasts to begin t o develop and mature. This stimulation comes from the release of estrogen from the anterior pituitary. The base of each breast lies on top of the pectoralis major, obliquus externus abdominis, and serratus anterior muscles and extends up into the axillary region. On the external surface of the breast, between the 4th and 5th ribs is the nipple. The nipple is made up of contractile muscle fibers and is capable of becoming firm and erect when stimulated. The color of the nipple can range from a light pink to brown. At the tip of the nipple there are up to twenty tiny openings from the lactiferous ducts. The circular area surrounding the nipple is called the areola. The color of the areola may also range from a light pink to a dark brown. During pregnancy the areola will darken. Imbedded in the areola are areolar glands which give the areola a slightly bumpy appearance. These glands secrete an oily kind of substance that acts as a skin protector during breast feeding. (Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton, 2000) The breast tissue itself is a series of lobules and mammary ducts that form a pattern similar to clusters of grapes. The lobules are round sacs that produce milk. The ducts areShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer And Cancer Prevention2347 Words   |  10 Pages INTRODUCTION Statistics indicate that breast cancer-related complications are among the top causes of death among women for over 23% of all women’s deaths in the world (Donepudi et al., 2014). The great cases of breast cancer are attributed to lack of information on and hard data on the disease, especially on early diagnosis and treatment options. In America, breast cancer is among the top causes of cancer-related deaths, and the mortality rate is relatively high as compared to the neighboring countriesRead MoreThe For Breast Cancer Action1612 Words   |  7 Pagesintention to give some part of the profit towards breast cancer causes. Ironically, the money made from this marketing will often not significantly benefit somebody with breast cancer. The pink ribbon was originally created by the Susan G Komen foundation yet anybody can use this symbol, because there is no intellectual copyright on it. Pinkwashing is term was first coined by the organization called breast cancer action, whose m ission is to â€Å"Breast Cancer Action’s mission is to achieve health justiceRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a carcinoma that develops due to malignant cells in the breast tissue. Cancerous cells are more likely to produce in the milk-producing ducts and the glands, ductal carcinoma, but in rare cases, breast cancer can develop in the stromal, fatty, tissues or surrounding lymph nodes, especially in the underarm (Breast Cancer). For women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death – behind skin cancer. While treatment or surgeries canRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1346 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling at tention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of thisRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer946 Words   |  4 PagesSkylar Steinman Period 6 Ms. Jobsz 12 February , 2016 Breast Cancer It is commonly known that Breast Cancer is one of the most insidious diseases that mankind has had to deal with. With the discovery of the BRCA1( BReast Cancer gene one) and BRCA2 (BReast Cancer gene two) genes, breast cancer can be detected with a great amount of certainty on a genetic level in some women and men. 40,000 women and men die of breast cancer each year. Knowing this it is very important to try to detect the mutationRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1530 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer† is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or â€Å"malignant tumor†. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the original location of the cancer gr owth or malignant tumor, the tumorRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages Internationally, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women. (CITE) Each year an estimated 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide, and more than 500,000 women will die of the disease. (CITE) According to (CITE), somewhere in the world one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every 19 seconds and more than three women die of breast cancer every five minutes worldwide. (CITE) Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition thatRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1372 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer Disease Overview Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (Only skin cancer is more common.) About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Researchers estimate that more than 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2015. Cancers occur when aRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1471 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer Introduction to Breast cancer Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer only surpassed by lung cancer. It involves a cancerous tumour located inside the breast but spreads if treatment is not administered. (Evert et al 2011) Breast cancer can be treated if diagnosed in its early stages but becomes progressively more difficult upon reaching more advancing malignant stages. Breast cancer can be confused with being a female only disease however both sexes suffer. AccordingRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1921 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Cancer is a term that every individual on this planet wants to avoid hearing when they go to their yearly check up at the doctors. However, as person ages, they are prone to develop some sort of sickness and most of the time, they could develop cancer of some sort. For this research paper, I am going to go over breast cancer. Breast cancer is a well-known type of cancer with awareness events going on to support both women and men who has breast cancer. According to American Cancer Society

Abbs Relays Business Building and Managing a Global Matrix

Because this is a complex organization with sophisticated management practices, in MBA classrooms it may be necessary to spend some time in the early discussion ensuring that there is a clear understanding of the ABBÂ’s matrix structure and the management roles and relationships in the relays business. In executive education programs, participants are more likely to have had experience in such subtle organization processes, and the instructor can move more quickly from the basic diagnosis to the more evaluative and reflective discussion. Executives will be interested to discuss issues like what makes this global matrix work when so many others have failed, and what value is being created in return for the substantial operating cost such†¦show more content†¦The most likely scenario is that Jans will push for relief from the Comsys constraints so that he can focus more development resources on his local projects. This appeal will likely meet with approval from Baker, whose interests are aligned with actions designed to maximize local profitability. Gundemark, on the other hand, is likely to resist this request, arguing that it will set a dangerous precedent for other local operations to continue with their individual product development agendas. He will likely reaffirm the reasons behind the important commitment the relays BA has made to finding a common platform for future product development. Ideally, the debate should continue towards resolution, but if the parties seem as if they are polarizing or digging in, the instructor may intervene and ask if this is the way things work in ABB. Since Gundemark is likely to be in the minority, the instructor may ask what kinds of incentives, compromises or persuasions he may use to shift the debate. One obvious lever for Gundemark to use is his agreement to send two of his technical managers to Coral Springs to help out Jans. He might suggest that if Jans wants to ensure continued support from the BA, he also cooperate with its programs. At some stage during the discussion, particularly if it becomes heated orShow MoreRelatedBuilding and Managing a Global Matrix8112 Words   |  33 PagesHarvard Business School 9-394-016 Rev. April 26, 1999 ABB’s Relays Business: Building and Managing A Global Matrix It was a casual conversation between the chairmen of Asea and Brown Boveri in 1987 about the dismal state of the utilities equipment market that eventually led to merger talks between these two giant power equipment companies. Within weeks of the announcement in August 1987, Percy Barnevik, the CEO of Asea who was asked to lead the combined operations, had articulated a strategicRead MoreAbb Relay Business: Building and Managing Global Matrix811 Words   |  4 Pagesn the case study titled â€Å"ABB’s Relay Business: Building and Managing a Global Matrix†, the author attempted an examination of the success and challenges that occurred as a result of the decision to merge two medium scale telecommunications companies - Asea and Brown Boveri. The merger was necessitated by the depression in the utility equipment market. As a result of this, the chairmen of both companies met and decided it was in the best interest of the two companies to come together in forming an

Standardized Testing For Public School Systems - 1479 Words

For decades I.Q. testing has been seen as: controversial, insufficient, errorful, and unreliable when it comes to determining intellect. Used nowadays in standardized testing for public school systems as a way to measure their student’s â€Å"intelligence† in school and determine the federal funding for each school on a yearly basis. Many have seen this as unfair and wrongful of the government to try and measure something so intricate and vital to everyday living into simple numbers and figures. Then tell those who don’t land within certain parameters that they are useless in the real world. Since 1904, when it was created by British Psychologist Charles Spearman who collected data from several villages surrounding his home he concluded that the correlations amongst the multiple variables could best be explained by assuming that there was a single factor of mental ability that underlay them[12]. And thus the theory of the â€Å"g† factor and model was born. One year later French Psychologist Alfred Binet created the first usable I.Q. test that had the purpose â€Å" to help identify learning-disabled children who needed special schools†. Binet himself even warned that â€Å" a ‘brutal pessimism’ would follow if his test was ever mistaken as a measure of a fixed, unchangeable intelligence† [13] In 1912, American psychologist and eugenicist, Henry Goddard was hired by immigration authorities to do â€Å"quality control† [13] at Ellis Island due to the massive amount of Eastern and SouthernShow MoreRelatedThe Limitations Of Standard ized Testing Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesThe limitations of â€Å"standardized testing† as a rigid and narrow criterion for gauging the educational capabilities of students in public education. The criterion for standardized testing relies on narrow areas of knowledge that define a hierarchical imposition of â€Å"intelligence† testing that forces the student to perform ion a constrained academic environment. This type of testing has become a mechanized tool to reject the individual needs of the student in a linear testing methodology. The importanceRead MoreEssay On Standardized Testing1137 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized testing in public schools has become a norm across the United States. But, in Texas it has been found that students spend more time taking standardized tests than any other state (â€Å"Too Much Testing†). Standardized testing may be an asset to measure education, or more measure testing skills across the nation, but at what cost does it come? What are its effects on moral within the public education system, and how does the state government of Texas interact within it. Why does the TexasRead MoreThe Shortcomings of Standardized Testing1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthe No Child Left Behind program, standardized testing has become the norm for American schools. Under this system, each child attending a school is required to take a standardized test at specific grade points to assess their level of comprehension. Parents, scholars and all stakeholders involved take part in constant discussions over its effectiveness in evaluating students’ comprehension, teachers’ competency and the effects of the test on the education system. Though these tests were put in placeRead MoreIt Is No Surprise That Today’S Education System Is Not1721 Words   |  7 Pagesthat today’s education system is not in the best shape. In a system where students are more focused on what is going on at home than their schoo l work, testing is the main focus, schools are underfunded, and teachers are underpaid, something has got to change in order to move our system in a positive direction that is necessary for students to get the most out of the public education system. These are just some of the many problems we are faced with in today’s education system. An article I read writtenRead MoreStandardized Testing1272 Words   |  6 PagesSynthesis Essay on Standardized Testing Standardized testing in the United States started in the mid- 1800’s (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). This kind of testing was originally created to measure students’ performance and progress in school (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). In recent years, the public school system has relied heavily on the information this test provides, in doing so creating controversy. Other than being a student myself, and participating in multiple standardized exams such asRead MoreEssay on Standardized Testing a Failure in Education1335 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized testing scores proficiencies in most generally accepted curricular areas. The margin of error is too great to call this method effective. â€Å"High test scores are generally related to things other than the actual quality of education students are receiving† (Kohn 7). â€Å"Only recently have test scores been published in the news-paper and used as the primary criteria for judging children, teachers, and s chools.†(2) Standardized testing is a great travesty imposed upon the American Public SchoolRead MoreW. James Popham, Former President Of The American Education1354 Words   |  6 PagesW. James Popham, former president of the American Education Research Association, defines standardized testing as, â€Å"Any tests that are administered, scored, and interpreted in a standard predetermined manner.† (Background). Standardized tests, such as the SAT or ACT, have been included in the American education ever since the mid-1800s. These certain tests incorporate multiple choice questions which could be graded easily with haste by the usage of automated test scoring machines. The tests alsoRead MoreStandardized Testing Is The Best Answer For Students985 Words   |  4 Pages Standardized testing in the United States education system went from a onetime only test called Compass test and has become a once a year maybe more test called the MEAP. There is much debate as to whether this frequency of testing is the best answer for students. This reoccurring testing can teach students valuable skills that would benefit the students later in life. People worry that every child is not the same and some test better than others, while others claim test taking is a skillRead MoreThe Right Path For America s Education1232 Words   |  5 Pagesaccomplishing for the entire time at school. Sometimes, they even have to work really hard only to find out what they were doing at school was actually unnecessary if they did not do well on these standardized tests. Are these tests really the right measure for quality education or to see whether or not students are qualified to go to college? These standardized testing should be eliminated in American school in order for the quality education system. Standardized Testing have been ubiquitous in AmericaRead MoreAmerican Education: The Afflicted System1210 Words   |  5 Pagesmany occasions. American public education has been a major issue for almost as long as it has been around. Many movements and people have tried solutions that they believe will solve the problems with the education system. Some solutions had good intentions but were not implemented well. Other solutions had little to no benefits on the system. Education has taken the back seat and allowed standardized testing to drive. American education has become a deformed and twisted system with many flaws that are

Good Will Hunting Analysis free essay sample

Will Hunting is a 20 year old man who works as a janitor at MIT. He was a Caucasian man who lived in a poor economic neighborhood in south Boston, Massachusetts. He is also an Irish catholic man. His foster father was an alcoholic and he always came home drunk looking to abuse someone. Will provoked his foster father so he wouldnt hurt his mother or brothers. Wills foster father used to abuse Will when he was a child with a wrench. Will is currently separated from his parents and family. The only family he has are his best friends which he claims to be his brothers.He lives on his own and spends his time with his best friends. Wills friends describe him as a genius. Some of Wills psychologists might describe him as a crazy lunatic. Will Hunting plays the role of a smart, genius-level intellect who chooses to work in construction instead of a higher paying job he could get in to. I think Wills prenatal life was normal and healthy, because he is a genius and intellectual man. Information about his mother would be helpful to understand Wills prenatal life. If the mother was healthy or not during pregnancy would help me understand Will.His temperament was high reactive because he was alarmed of new experiences and he would also draw back from certain situations. When his girlfriend asked him to move to California with him, he was alarmed by this situation and started talking about how his job and home was in south Boston and couldnt just leave. He wasnt comfortable with this idea and immediately withdrew from this situation. He had an insecure attachment with his mother and father. He was not provided with a sense of security and therefore had problems in his future with exploring the environment he lives in.He had many psychological problems in his life and had to see many psychologists about it. He did not have a stable mother or father as a child and was taken to many foster homes without the proper parenting style used. His caregivers were inconsistent and did not meet his needs. The parenting style used in his foster homes was most likely authoritarian, because he showed a frightened, remote, and disobedient personality. Whenever he was comfortable in a position, he would hesitate or avoid new experiences. Caregivers were high in control and showed low responsiveness and warmth for him.He was comfortable in many situations but was then disliked experiencing new situations. Information about how he behaved more in his foster homes would be helpful to better understand him. When Will provoked his foster father, he would get abused by him. Will was an only a child but he understood well enough to protect his mother and brother. His foster father would come home drunk and he would look for someone to hurt. He didnt want him going after his mother and brother, so he would provoke him and get him mad at himself instead. Wills role in his id is his choice to get into neighborhood fights when problems he had in the past with others. His hate, and anger from the past with another bully made him want to assault the man without even thinking of the consequences of his actions. He did it for his immediate satisfaction for his anger. He has the brain of a genius and he decides to get into fights with people he doesnt like. As a result, he is sent to a court trial and they decide to put him in jail. Wills ego allows him to see a psychologist and listen to what he has to say.He chooses to go through with this even though he doesnt want to and feels he doesnt need it because if it part of his deal to keep out of jail. If he doesnt go through with this, then he knows he will be sent back to jail. His superego makes him stand up to his father. He chose to provoke his father and believed it was the right thing to do to protect his mother and brother. He had to provoke his father, when his father came home drunk in order to keep his father away from his mother, and brother. He believed this was the right thing to do in his conscience. His superego has a great influence on his behaviors, feelings, and thoughts.It shows that he is brave, protective of his family, and kind. He protects his family by being brave and standing up to his foster father. He is kind, and brave enough to take on these physical abuses to protect his mom, and brother. Will calls his friends when his girlfriend Skylar tells him she wont have sex unless she meets his friends and brothers. This is an example of his pleasure principle. An example of Wills reality principle is when he sees his girlfriend. If he does not satisfy her or make her happy, he knows she would not have sex with him or spend time with him.Wills fixation in his adolescence age is genital. As he reaches the point where sex is the primary focus of his pleasurable sensations, he seeks to satisfy the relationship between him and his girlfriend so he could spend more time with her. The experience he had with his foster father influenced his personality. When he was abused by his father, he turned into an aggressive child. Because he was abused by his foster father at such a young age, he grew up thinking violence was okay for him to do. Whenever his father was mad, he would hurt his family.So whenever Will did not like someone, he would get into fights with them if they were people he really hated. He also blames himself for being unhappy and from suffering through these horrible experiences even though it is not his fault. Analysis of Defense Mechanisms Will Hunting uses projection for one of the defense mechanisms. He pushes people away because he is afraid of being hurt if they abandon him first. He decides to break up with his girlfriend because he is afraid she will not like him at some point in the future. He is afraid of her abandoning him in the future, so he leaves her first.He also uses rationalization. After working in construction knowing he is a genius, he tells his friend that it is okay for him to be working in construction. He believes he will be happy working in construction for the rest of his life instead of a higher paying job using his genius intellect. Displacement is also used when Will is angry with his father years ago when he was abused as a young child. Because of this experience, he tends to push people away. He left his girlfriend because he was afraid of being hurt and abandoned by her in the future. He tells her he does not love her and leaves, hurting her emotional feelings.He is also denial of his experience with his foster father. He believes it is his fault for being abused by his father instead of loved. However, it is not his fault because he was just a young child who didnt know much yet. His use of defense mechanisms hinders his problems he attempts to deal with. By avoiding other people and pushing them away, he does not give others a chance to develop a close-friendly relationship. Will Hunting could have used sublimation and avoided his sexual urges to be more productive in society such as working in the mathematical field or becoming a doctor to help save lives.Analysis of Personality Humanistic Wills self-concept shows conditional positive regard by his parent. He believed it was his fault for being abused and therefore, he shows aggression towards others. His foster father abused him when he was a child and therefore believes he is only loved when his behavior is acceptable. He provides unconditional positive regard toward others. His girlfriend still loves him and accepts him for who he is even though he left her. She knows he is going through a hard time and Will knows he is confused on what he should do and how he should deal with his situation.Analysis of Personality Social Cognitive Will has weak self-efficacy when it comes to relationships. He doubts himself and tends to avoid getting into close relationships because he is not confident about his actions. He believes his girlfriend would reject him at one point in the future. He is afraid of being abandoned and hurt by her leaving him. He then leaves her because of this and tells her he doesnt love her. He was able to strengthen this area of weak self-efficacy when he sees his psychologist and heard about his story. His psychologist, Sean missed a baseball game to go see a girl he ended up marrying.He did not regret his decision and he was happy with his life. This motivated Will to see Skylar again and have a second chance with her. Will has strong self-efficacy when it comes to mathematics, science, reading, and history. Will lived in a poor run-down apartment in a bad neighborhood. This influenced his thoughts and actions. He got into lots of neighborhood fights with people he didnt like from school. He also believes he can do whatever he feels like doing such as going to bars and picking fights instead of being in an educated school or high paying workplace. Analysis of Stress CopingSome daily hassles that create stress for Will are getting into neighborhood fights with people he didnt like from school. He had to go to court, and he was sent to jail. He then had to see a couple psychologist and listen to professor Lambeau if he wanted to stay out of jail. A personal event that created a lot of stress for Will was his experience with his foster father. He was abused by his father at such a young age and this greatly affected his thoughts, and behaviors in life. He believes it is his fault for being abused as a young child. He then has trouble socializing with others at times. He fears abandonment from his girlfriend.He is stressed psychologically from his child abuse and lives a troubled life because he does not get the proper care and treatment. He does not get any social support for his problems. Will uses escape-avoidance because he does not want to be associated in close personal relationships with other people. He avoids Skylar and leaves her when he thinks their relationship is about to get too close. He tends to escape and push them away from him. He is distancing himself from others. Will appears to self-medicate to deal with his psychological stress. He smokes cigarettes when he is stressed out or depressed to help cope with his problems.

General Robert E. Lee An Gettysburg Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction The armed forces appointed me to supply psychological services to the Confederate military personnels stationed in Virginia during the civil war. I served under Gen. R. Lee in the twelvemonth 1863. I was privileged to work with a adult male who performed good under force per unit area and for who desperation featured non in his vocabulary. I have detailed seven cardinal constructs that guided us on military psychological science particularly in the tally up and the terminal of the Battle of Gettysburg. Choice and Classification of War Fighters As the war progressed the committedness of soldiers towards the war attempt in the Confederate ground forces of the province of Virginia began to come into inquiry. Some fought with their scruples over the fact that they had to travel to war against their brothers and sisters over what was fundamentally a political affair. There was the other group that welcomed a conflict against the brotherhood forces seeing it as an chance to asseverate themselves and derive existent independency. The loss of military personnels on their side. encouraged about 75 % of the military personnels. To them it was a worthy forfeit for worthy cause. To guarantee that the best combatants were placed in the most strategic countries it was necessary to carry on a distinct ‘commitment audit’ of all go outing soldiers and new recruits. They were classified into category A. B and C. Class a consisted of those who were diehard protagonists of the Confederate purposes. They besides had some old military experience. Class B was made up of those work forces whose committedness was tempered by the household duties but whose resoluteness was however really strong. Third. category C was made of inexperient work forces who s determination to fall in the ground forces was non really clear. Most likely equal force per unit area and the menace of reprisals from those who had joined played a portion in their enlisting. As a general regulation. category C were given the humble responsibilities. category B formed the frontline and category A the vanguard. At the Battle of Gettysburg. the immense losingss forced a reconsideration of placement and a batch of those in category C were thrown into the frontline. It was merely towards the terminal of the war that the Confederate ground forces attempted to enroll black slaves to assist in the war attempt. But it was excessively small excessively tardily. Leadership Style General Lee was an exceeding leader. Initially he was against the sequence of Virginia from the Union. But when he changed his head and joined the Confederate forces he gave himself 100 % to the war attempt. He had a really high ego regard and assurance in his abilities which shone through in conflicts like that of Seven Days Battle and the Second Battle of Bull Run. He had compassion for his military personnels and neer lacked words of encouragement. He was a adult male of humbleness who accepted errors when he made them. After the loss at Picket’s charge he met his military personnels stating. ’†¦this is my full mistake. ’ ( Davis. William C. . et Al. 1997 ) He was leader who can be said to take from the forepart. Not diffident of licking. he risked a batch at the Battle of Gettysburg in the hope of triumph. He was besides a rational adult male. At the terminal of the war he discouraged dissatisfied elements from engaging a guerrilla war. He gained nationw ide celebrity for his gallant attempts in both the brotherhood and Confederate ground forcess in which he both served. Team Performance General Lee scored extremely in the country of squad public presentation. The resonance between him and his equals was exceeding and this led to the early triumphs against the Union forces. His ability to animate his military personnels in the wake of military contraries was a conducive factor to the integrity of intent that prevailed throughout the war. In determination devising he may non hold involved his fellow commanding officers every bit much as he should hold. Human Performance. Under Adverse Conditionss Unlike many people General Lee was able to pull on his quenchless militias of self-control to force frontward in the undertaking of prosecuting the war attempt. It was unbelievable that after the serious losingss at Gettysburg that he could go on to execute without confronting a mental dislocation. He was able to set into pattern the doctrine of populating one twenty-four hours at a clip. Consequently he did non let the contraries of old conflicts to stifle his contending spirit instead he drew upon the successes and inspired those around that things could merely acquire better. When licking was certain he had the lucidity of head to accept the world instead than populate in denial. Stress in the Military Setting His initial reluctance to back up the sequence moves by the Confederates and his undying trueness to his place province. must hold placed him under a batch of emphasis. But one time he resigned from the brotherhood army his head was settled and the quandary resolved. ( Davis. William C. et Al. 1997 ) This gave him the peace of head to prosecute his end with a straightforwardness of intent. The early triumphs helped to disperse any uncertainties or concerns of his determination to fall in the war. The reversals. he handled with the sobriety of wisdom that dictated the worlds of war. The concluding confrontation and his attitude towards the result show a adult male good in control of his mental modules. In a nutshell this was a adult male who handled emphasis like a chef would manage a cutting knife. careful it could cut but utile all the same. His offer to vacate after the conflict of Gettysburg shows he had the humbleness to accept the effects of his actions Information Warfare The deployment of undercover agents helped the General in the Battle of Antietam. By acquiring to cognize of the programs of the Union ground forces. he was able to redeploy his military personnels to support their places. The conflict was bloody but the Union forces were pushed back. He was out on his defensive by an article in the ‘Tribune’ that he pitilessly whipped his slaves that had attempted to get away. This included a female slave. He decided non to counter these claims preferring to disregard them despite the harm it did to his character. ( Blassingame. John W ( ed. ) 1977 ) Diversity and Gender Issues The general did non believe the black slave community could assist in the war attempt. The war was really being fought for the emancipation of slaves. Thus it was merely in the face of certain licking that he offered them a opportunity to contend for his side in exchange for emancipation. He found converting other people of this thought hard. His ground forces was forced to turn to inexperienced work forces and untrained soldiers and this must hold had a net consequence on the public presentation of his ground forcess. That there were no mass desertions shows that he could do work forces out of male childs within no clip. Womans were non straight deployed in the warfront as the policy had non yet come of age. Decision The licking of the Confederate ground forces was bound to go on. The ground forces was non every bit good prepared for the war as was the Union ground forces. The trust on any available able bodied adult male instead than trained soldiers meant that there were outnumbered and out performed from the start. The foolhardy deployment of military personnels instead than tactical onslaughts would hold saved him many military personnels. He seems to hold made all the decisive determinations without the input of his other commanding officers. The Battle of Gettysburg may hold turned out otherwise if he had sought the advice of other people. ( Connelly. Thomas L. . 1969 ) Mentions Blassingame. John W ( ed. ) ( 1977 ) .Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters. Speeches. and Interviews. and Autobiographies. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press ( ISBN 0-8071-0273-3 ) . Connelly. Thomas L. . ( 1969 ) : â€Å"Robert E. Lee and the Western Confederacy: A Criticism of Lee’s Strategic Ability. † Civil War History 15 116-32 Davis. William C. . Pohanka. Brian C. . Troiani. Don. explosive detection systems. . ( 1997 )Civil War Journal. The Leaderships. Rutledge Hill Press. . ISBN 0-517-22193-4.